Real estate investments experienced a turning point last year. After long years of low-interest policies and cheap money, a bullish decade of real estate investments came to an abrupt end. Instead of setting ever higher records on the investment market, the transaction volume involving European logistics real estate took a nosedive during the first quarter of 2023. From nearly 14 billion euros worth of deals closed during the prior-year quarter, the sum total plummeted to c. 4.5 billion euros. This represents a drop by almost 70 %.
To combat the runaway inflation, the ECB began to raise the key lending rates midway through 2022, when their level was still at 0%, in several steps until they reached the current level of 3.75%. Further interest rate moves are to be expected because of the persistent core inflation. Even the so-called risk-free reference interest rate, which plays a key role in weighing investment decisions and which had been extremely low since 2015 before slipping into the negative range in early 2019 and staying there for years, rose by around 230 basis points in the course of 2022. This caused even base rates and German government bonds, which serve as bellwether for real estate financing conditions, to rise by leaps and bounds, turning the baseline situation for the real estate industry on its head across asset classes.
As a result, the real estate investment market has been shock-frozen since the middle of last year as well. Potential buyers are pricing the “new normal” into their calculations on the basis of current financing terms and rates of return. Sellers who as recently as 2021 may have bought at prices that seem inflated now but seemed realistic at the time, yearn for the former market price level. They are reluctant to count their losses. Unless they are under pressure to sell, they do not seek to dispose of their assets just yet.
Real estate is periodically re-appraised. And the new price level is reflected in the latest appraisals. That said, the latter proceed in the absence of transaction-based benchmark values from the market. But given the changed basic parameters, it is clear that property values dating back to the peak market cycle are no longer fully justifiable. The baseline situation is rather complex for appraisers and the owners of the appraised properties, and it is subject to much debate.
No one likes to see their assets marked down. But generally speaking, you may wonder: Are devaluations necessarily bad news? Well, it depends not least on your investment strategy. If you are planning in investment cycles and seek to sell when prices are at a premium, today’s changed market environment will remain unfavorable for years to come. Selling in late 2021 or in early 2022 would have been the right thing to do. This is clearly evident from the development of the price-to-rent ratios in regard to the prime net initial yields for selected asset classes. But there had been no signs suggesting an end to the latest super-cycle, and when it did come, it came as a surprise, with many players having almost forgotten about the cyclic nature of the real estate market. In this case, it was easy to miss the perfect time to sell.
Figure 1: Development of peak net factors in Germany by selected asset classes
But most of them hope for regular pay-outs that keep being earned and that are based on the successful long-term management of their properties. The parameters to ensure success in this context include a permanently strong demand for space in combination with short supply and constant upside for rents, ideally fully inflation-indexed.
While other asset classes such as certain retail types (fluctuating consumer climate as shopping behavior is shifting) or office (transition to mobile working) face an uncertain future, the parameters are principally auspicious for logistics real estate, and the development going forward will probably encourage investments.
The cashflow return shown by the German Property Index (GPI) also shows clearly that the rental yield of logistics and industrial properties will top those of office and retail properties over a number of years. This is not about to change during the forecast. The trend reversal in the retail sector is explained by the fact that this asset class has lately come under serious pressure – as a consequence of the pandemic and due to the low consumer climate after the loss in purchasing power and efforts to mitigate it.
Figure 2: Cash flow yield of the German Property Index
Permanently high cashflow returns combined with a sustainably stable market development therefore represent sound options for institutional investors whose focus is on regular pay-outs rather than on sales profits. Evergreen funds for logistics real estate that “carry on” rather than “cashing out” are a highly attractive possibility to invest during the years ahead. Given the fact that the impairments coincide with sound demand-side parameters, it is at least worth checking, even for investors pursuing cycle-oriented strategies, whether it might be best to wait until the market rebounds and the valuation results improve, just the way you would with share price losses. We believe there is a good chance this will happen by 2024 at the latest.
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